Comprehensive lifestyle change can impact health favorably in many domains, from prevention and treatment of various diseases to improved functional status and quality of life. Although habitual behaviors clearly influence chronic kidney disease (CKD), lifestyle change often is not stressed in the clinical setting. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical appraisal of the scientific basis for effects of lifestyle on CKD and practical strategies that promote healthy behaviors. This review begins with a clinical case presentation to provide context for the scientific discussion. Dietary composition of macronutrients, particularly protein intake, is highlighted. Clinical evidence is presented for avoiding protein excess, a contemporary problem in the typical overeating environment of the developed world.
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